21
What do the writers express with this question?

Concern about the public’s lack of interest in the activities of conservation organisations.

Doubt whether the approach of conservation organisations to nature is altogether right.

Surprise at people giving such generous financial aid to conservation organisations.
22
What is the purpose of paragraph 2?

To applaud the growing recognition of the need for conservation.

To describe the form conservation has taken so far.

To illustrate the worldwide approval of Western conservation methods.

To stress the limited success of the current conservation policy.
23
What is the example of ‘Africa’ (line 39) meant to illustrate?

Most national parks are set up in thinly populated areas.

National parks generally compensate local people for damage done to their property.

National parks usually cover very large stretches of land.

The creation of national parks has robbed a great many people of their land and
livelihood.
24
What is suggested in lines 53–66 (‘It is … imagination.’)?

All unspoilt areas of land should be protected against any intruders.

Even supposedly unspoilt areas have at one time been cultivated in some way.

Rainforests are steadily giving way to farmland.

The idea that nature can be protected is an illusion.
25
What is the example of the ‘Masai’ (line 75) meant to illustrate?

Banning natives from their land for the purpose of conservation may be
counterproductive.

It is difficult to restore cultivated land to its former natural state.

The absence of native people may make parks less attractive to tourists.

Wildlife often increases in areas that people have been forced to leave.
26
What conclusion does paragraph 6 lead up to?

Countries invest far more money in their defence than in environmental protection.

Some original landscapes are destroyed by freedom movements.

The methods used by environmental campaigners are becoming more and more violent.

Vast amounts of conservation money go to policing the nature reserves.
27
What distinguishes the ‘alternative vision’ (line 109)?
According to this vision,

conservation policies should be different from area to area.

man is not free to adjust his natural surroundings to his needs.

modern methods of cultivating the land can be environment-friendly.

the presence of people can be beneficial to both man and nature.
28
How could the sentence ‘Community … professionals.’ (lines 120–126) also begin?

For example, community…

One way or another, community…

On the other hand, community…

To begin with, community…
29
How do paragraphs 8 and 9 relate to paragraph 7?

They prove the plan proposed in paragraph 7 to be impractical.

They shed new light on the point made in paragraph 7.

They tone down the optimism expressed in paragraph 7.
30
Which of the following is true of the ‘conservation professionals’ discussed in the last
paragraph?

They act as if they know better than the local people.

They concentrate on the specific needs of the local people.

They disagree on what constitutes the best approach to conservation.

They do not have the interests of conservation organisations at heart.
31
Which of the following is in line with the writers’ ideas about conservation?

The ‘powerful ideology’ discussed in paragraph 3.

The ‘alternative vision’ discussed in paragraph 7.

The view of the ‘conservationists’ discussed in paragraph 8.

The view of the ‘conservation professionals’ discussed in paragraph 9.